中国 英国


中英联合声明（2004年5月）


中华人民共和国国务院总理温家宝阁下于2004年5月10日正式访问英国期间，与大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国首相托尼·布莱尔在伦敦举行会晤。

温家宝总理和托尼·布莱尔首相今天对中英建立全面战略伙伴关系表示欢迎。双方承诺共同致力于发展这一伙伴关系，使其造福于两国，并推动建立一个更加安全、繁荣和开放的世界。

中英在双边、多边和全球问题上开展合作符合双方利益。我们均把两国关系视为各自对外关系的重点之一。

中国经济的持续增长和发展，及其日益上升的全球经济大国地位，使中英伙伴关系近年取得了长足发展。双方在环境、教育、发展、科技等众多领域的关系蓬勃发展。

我们一致认为，自从我们2003年7月会晤以来，中英合作取得了重要进展。英国将于2005年担任欧盟主席国。我们期待在2004年和2005年中国-欧盟领导人年度会晤以及我们业已同意建立的两国政府领导人年度会晤期间，继续这种高层对话。

布莱尔首相去年访华后，我们决定成立双边关系互动小组，以促进两国关系快速发展。该小组汇聚了社会各界的智慧，在贸易与投资、金融、能源、教育文化、科学技术、环境包括气候变化和可持续发展等领域提出了新的建议（见附件）。我们对双方小组主席约翰·普雷斯科特副首相和唐家璇国务委员以及小组成员所做工作表示感谢。

双方小组的建议，以及两国在包括环境治理和保护、能源、防扩散、反恐、打击有组织犯罪等一系列国际问题上日益增强的合作，体现了中英关系的广度和深度。

我们同意加强两国在以下双边和多边领域的合作：

一、巩固和加强双边关系。

（一）我们同意增加高层互访。两国政府领导人和外长将进行年度互访，以加强并扩大双方在战略安全、防扩散等领域的双边政治合作。

（二）两国同意根据双边关系互动小组的有关建议（见附件），通过经贸联委会加强在贸易和投资领域的广泛合作。

（三）双方还将根据双边关系互动小组的建议，加强在科学、技术、教育、文化和环保领域的合作。在温总理访问期间，双方签署了一系列谅解备忘录，以推动上述各领域的合作。

（四）我们注意到“中英论坛”在双边关系中发挥的重要作用。建议“论坛”参照双边关系互动小组的建议，就未来它在工业、金融服务、科学技术和环境领域应发挥的作用进行研究。

我们就有关香港的问题友好、坦诚地交换了意见。我们重申两国政府共同致力于贯彻《中英关于香港问题的联合声明》，认为按照“一国两制”原则和基本法维护和促进香港的繁荣与稳定符合双方的利益。我们同意继续就这些问题交换意见。

英国重申1972年中英互换大使联合公报中关于台湾问题的一贯立场，即：承认中国政府关于台湾是中国一个省的立场，承认中华人民共和国政府是中国的唯一合法政府。

我们高度重视中英人权对话，将继续在平等和相互尊重的基础上开展这一交流。双方一致认为，所有国家都应尊重和保护人权。英方欢迎中方最近将尊重和保护人权写入宪法。下一轮中英人权对话将于2004年5月举行，这将为两国开展人权领域的具体合作提供良机。

二、巩固和加强两国在多边机制内就双方和国际关注的问题开展的合作。

两国将加强在联合国的协调，推动联合国改革，使其能够应对21世纪的挑战，并确保《联合国宪章》和国际法进一步得到尊重。双方将扩大在联合国维和框架内的合作。中国愿与英国就中东和伊拉克等问题加强磋商。

我们重申打击恐怖主义的决心。两国政府将启动中英反恐对话机制，加强在反恐领域的交流与合作。

我们重申在推动防扩散问题上的决心。英国欢迎中国在防扩散问题上所做的承诺和为此采取的行动，特别欢迎中国为加强与防扩散出口控制机制的关系所采取的措施。中国赞赏英国在国际原子能机构框架内为推动伊朗执行《不扩散核武器条约》保障监督协议、以及说服利比亚放弃大规模杀伤性武器计划所做的努力。英国欢迎中国在朝鲜半岛核问题六方会谈中发挥的领导作用。双方将加强在安全、军控、裁军和防扩散领域的交流与合作。

我们重申将合作打击非法移民。两国政府签署了《关于便利人员合法往来和打击非法移民活动谅解备忘录》。

双方决定密切警务合作，同意根据《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》等国际法律文书，加强信息交流和执法合作，共同合作打击跨国犯罪。

双方高度评价亚欧会议在促进亚欧平等伙伴关系方面取得的积极成就，表示愿进一步加强在亚欧会议上的合作。

三、中英两国承诺增进在国际经济问题上的合作，促进可持续发展。

双方将共同努力实现“联合国千年发展目标”，包括消除贫困、饥饿、疾病、环境恶化、文盲和歧视妇女。通过可持续发展委员会，在各层次实现联合国可持续发展世界首脑会议所做的承诺。

双方都致力于国际贸易自由化，将继续推动多哈发展议程的谈判。双方一致认为，能否实现发展目标是“多哈回合”谈判成功与否的关键。双方同意，“多哈回合”早日结束并取得均衡结果符合世界贸易组织所有成员的利益。双方将努力争取谈判在2004年达成框架协议。中英同意就此保持对话。

双方都认识到有效保护知识产权的重要性，以及保护知识产权在促进外国投资和营造良好商业环境方面的重要作用。双方同意在保护知识产权方面加强双边合作。中国将遵守加入的国际知识产权公约或协议的承诺，并根据有关国内法保护知识产权所有者的权益。

中英重申支持《联合国气候变化框架公约》，敦促尚未批准《京都议定书》的各方尽早批准该议定书。双方同时敦促所有国家最有效地利用能源，呼吁所有签署公约附件一的国家带头采取一致行动，减少温室气体的排放，实现该公约制定的目标。

中英认识到《里约环境和发展宣言》原则十所强调的各项规定的重要性，如：信息公开、公众参与决策和环境问题司法公正。

双方同意分享科学和经济方面的经验，以利于双方共同努力实现低碳经济和可持续发展，通过“可再生能源和有效利用能源伙伴关系”等，加速开发对气候有益技术的全球市场。

双方重申愿意就包括气候变化、自然资源可持续管理、森林执法(制止非法采伐)、水资源保护、空气质量改善和污染控制等环境问题所采取的措施加强交流，在环境立法、监督和人员培训方面互相学习。

双方将共同努力帮助发展中国家解决贫困和其他与发展有关的问题，更好地应对全球化带来的挑战。双方特别强调和平与安全以及非洲防治艾滋病和实现可持续发展问题，并将尽全力支持非洲国家为实现“千年发展目标”所做的努力。


中英联合声明附件

双边关系互动小组关于发展双边合作的建议:

贸易与投资

●我们将在能源、金融服务、信息通信技术、卫生保健和水资源等五个方面开展双边合作，并将此作为双方在贸易与投资领域开展广泛合作的重点。上述各方面的合作计划将与产业相结合，明确商业成果。经贸联委会的作用将通过两国轮流举办部级年会的方式得以加强。上述年会将涉及贸易与投资政策问题。

●英国对华贸易与投资战略。英国贸易与投资局将在现有贸易促进、重点领域以及遍布英国和中国各地商业服务网络的基础上，制定一个新的对华贸易与投资战略。

●双方将鼓励英国企业到中国投资，同时鼓励中国企业到英国投资。

●双方将促进两国中小企业开展交流与合作。

金融

● 双方期待着“中英财政金融对话”机制下一轮部长级磋商，此次磋商将在北京举行，并提升为正部级。财金对话为双方继续加强和重点开展金融领域的交流与合作提供了框架，特别是在宏观经济政策、产业结构调整、公共财政管理、创造就业、竞争和监管政策、环境治理和环境保护等问题上的交流与合作。双方鼓励英国银行业参与中国银行业的改革。

信息通讯技术

●双方欢迎有关2004年9月在中国举行“信息通讯技术周”的建议。

能源

双方重视能源领域的合作，愿通过各种方式在能源政策、能源改革和发展等领域进行交流与合作。同时，双方愿意在能源管理、能源效率和可再生能源的利用等领域共享信息，联合开展活动。中英重视可持续的全球能源安全，重视减轻并在可能情况下改变气候变化的影响。双方高兴地注意到，此访期间，中英签订了多项与能源有关的商业合同。

教育

● 中英轮流举行两国教育部年度部级会晤。

● 中国教育部与英国教育和技能部同意共同努力，提供奖学金机会，资助中英研究生进行交流，到对方大学开展研究。

●英国将与中国共同努力，增进英国对当代中国的理解。在此方面，校际交流项目将发挥有效作用。

● 开展商业性项目，鼓励教育与产业相结合，为工程技术等人员提供商业经验和实践知识。

科技

●2005年1月将在中国举办“英国科技年”活动，增进中国对英国科学研究与科技政策的了解。

●双方愿就如何在知识产权领域有效工作组织一系列交流活动。建立有效的知识产权保护机制可以为科学技术发展提供有力支持。英国愿在帮助中国建立一个符合世界贸易组织和其他要求的知识产权保护机制方面与中国分享经验，同时愿意了解中国在这方面的工作重点。为保证双方的长远收益，可考虑在科技各领域建立研究伙伴关系。

●建立中英科技创业园指导委员会，指导和支持科技孵化器的工作。双方同意在传染病及流行病研究与防治领域开展合作，加强信息共享和交流。

环境与可持续发展

● 建立中英气候变化工作组。

● 开展有针对性的项目，支持中国建立环境影响评估系统和战略环境评估系统。

●建立可持续发展对话机制。中英是发展问题的伙伴国，双方同意通过开展有非政府利益相关组织广泛参与的可持续发展高层对话，交流经验。

文化

●双方同意加强文化交流与合作，支持2004年在英国举办中国文化节。

●双方欢迎近期在努力达成关于文化中心的协议方面所取得的进展，重申对早日成功签署该协议的决心。




China-UK Joint Statement

The Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, H.E. Wen Jiabao and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Rt Hon Tony Blair MP, held talks in London on 10 May 2004 during Premier Wen Jiabao’s official visit to the UK.

Premier Wen Jiabao and Prime Minister Tony Blair today welcome the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and the UK, and pledge to work together to develop this partnership to benefit our countries and to help create a safer, more prosperous and open world.

We share a common interest in Britain and China working together on bilateral, multilateral and global issues. We see the relationship between our two countries as among our top international priorities.

China’s sustained economic growth and development, and increasing role as a global economic power has enabled the partnership to grow significantly in stature in recent years. Links flourish in a huge number of areas, from environment to education, development to science and technology.

We agree that co-operation between China and the UK has increased significantly since our last meeting in July 2003. We look forward to continuing high level dialogue at the China-EU Summits in 2004 and 2005, the latter in Beijing under the UK Presidency of the EU, and also at the summits between us that we have now agreed will take place annually.

Following Tony Blair’s visit to China last year, we decided to establish Task Forces to facilitate this step-change in bilateral relations. These Task Forces have drawn in expertise from all parts of society and have produced new proposals in Trade and Investment, Finance, Energy, Education, Science and Technology, Environment - including Climate Change - and Sustainable Development, and Culture (See Annex). We wish to thank Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott and State Councillor Tang Jiaxuan, the respective Task Force Chairmen, and the Task Force members for their work.

The breadth and depth of China-UK relations are illustrated by the Task Forces’ proposals and increasing co-operation on a growing number of shared issues of international concern including environmental management and protection, energy, non-proliferation, counter-terrorism and tackling organised crime.

We agree to strengthen our countries’ bilateral and multilateral co-operation as follows:

1. To consolidate and strengthen the bilateral relationship:

(i) We agree to increase the exchange of high-level visits. Government leaders and foreign ministers of the two countries will exchange visits annually to reinforce and extend bilateral political co-operation in fields such as strategic security and non-proliferation.

(ii) We agree to intensify co-operation in broad areas of trade and investment, which we will promote through the Joint Economic and Trade Commission, in line with the recommendations of the Task Forces which are set out in the Annex.

(iii) The two sides will also increase co-operation in the areas of science, technology, education, culture and environmental protection in line with the Task Forces’ proposals. They signed a number of memoranda of understanding during this visit to take forward aspects of this co-operation.

(iv)We note the important role that the China-UK Forum has played in bilateral relations and invite the Forum to consider its future role, in particular in the areas of industry, financial services, science, technology and the environment, in light of the proposals made by the two Task Forces.

We had a friendly and open exchange of views on issues relating to Hong Kong. We reaffirmed our two Governments’ commitments to the implementation of the Joint Declaration and agreed that it is in the interests of both sides to maintain and promote Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability in accordance with the “one country, two systems” principle and the Basic Law. We agreed to continue our exchange of views on these issues.

The UK reaffirms its consistent position on the question of Taiwan as set out in the China/UK Joint Communiqué of 1972, in which the UK acknowledged the Chinese position that Taiwan is a province of the People's Republic of China and recognised the Government of the People’s Republic of China as the sole legal government of China.

We place a high value on the bilateral human rights dialogue and will continue this exchange on the basis of equality and mutual respect. Both sides share a belief that all states should respect and protect human rights. The UK side welcomes the recent addition of respect and protection for human rights to the Chinese Constitution. The next round of the dialogue will take place in May 2004 and provides a genuine opportunity for concrete co-operation between our two countries.

2. To consolidate and strengthen co-operation in multilateral fora on issues of mutual and international concern.

Our countries will increase co-ordination in the UN to promote reforms in the UN to meet the challenges of the 21st century and to ensure greater respect for the UN Charter and international law. The two sides are committed to expanding co-operation within the framework of UN peacekeeping. China would like to strengthen consultations with the UK, including on the Middle East and Iraq.

We reiterate our determination to combat terrorism. Our governments will launch a China-UK anti-terrorism dialogue and intensify exchanges and co-operation in this area.

We reiterate our determination to promote non-proliferation. The UK welcomes China’s commitment to non-proliferation and the actions it has taken to that end, and in particular welcomes the steps taken by China to strengthen its relationships with the non-proliferation export control regimes. China appreciates the efforts of the UK in promoting the resolution of the implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in Iran within the framework of IAEA, and in persuading Libya to abandon WMD programmes. The UK also welcomes China’s leading role in the Six Party Talks on the nuclear issues on the Korean peninsular. The two sides will intensify exchanges and co-operation in security, arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation areas.

We reaffirmed our commitments to work together to combat illegal immigration. The two Governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the Facilitation of Legitimate Travel and Co-operation to Combat Illegal Immigration.

The two sides also endorse closer police co-operation. They agree, in accordance with international legal instruments such as the UN Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime, to enhance information exchange and law enforcement co-operation and work closely to crack down upon transnational crime.

Both sides speak highly of the positive achievements of the ASEM in promoting equal partnership between Asia and Europe, and express their readiness to further strengthen co-operation in the ASEM.

3. China and the UK pledge to enhance co-operation on international economic problems and to promote sustainable development.

The two sides will work together for the attainment of the UN Millennium Development Goals: the elimination of poverty, hunger, disease, environmental degradation, illiteracy, discrimination against women, and delivering the commitments made at the World Summit on Sustainable Development at all levels, inter alia, through the Commission for Sustainable Development(CSD).

Both sides are committed to international trade liberalisation and they will continue to advance the Doha Development Agenda negotiations. Both sides agree that realisation of the development objectives is of fundamental importance for the success of the round. They agree that it is in the interests of all WTO members to reach a balanced conclusion of the Doha round as soon as possible, and that they will work towards reaching a framework agreement in 2004. The UK and China agree to maintain their dialogue on this.

Both sides recognise the importance of effective protection of Intellectual Property Rights and the vital role that protection of IPRs plays in fostering foreign investment and creating a positive business environment. Both sides agree to enhance mutual co-operation on protection of IPRs. China will comply with its commitments under relevant international IPR conventions or agreements it has entered and protect the interests of IPR holders according to its domestic laws.

China and the UK reiterate their support for the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and urge parties that have not yet done so to ratify the Kyoto Protocol as soon as possible. The two sides also urge all countries to make the most efficient use of energy resources that they can, and call on all Annex 1 countries to lead the way by making concerted efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions so as to move towards the goals defined by the convention.

China and the UK recognise the importance of Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development which emphasises the importance of access to information; public participation in decision-making; and access to justice in environmental matters.

The two sides also agree to share scientific and economic experience to take forward the China’s and UK’s efforts to achieve a low carbon economy and sustainable development, and to accelerate and develop the global market for climate friendly technologies, including through the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership.

The two sides reaffirm their wish to strengthen exchanges on environmental issues including climate change, sustainable management of natural resources, and measures to address forest law enforcement(including illegal logging), conservation of water resources, improving air quality and pollution control, and to learn from each other on environment-related legislation, supervision and personnel training.

Both sides will work together to help developing countries in addressing poverty and other development-related problems so as to better manage challenges posed by globalisation. The two sides place particular emphasis on peace and security, the fight against HIV/AIDS and sustainable development in Africa and give their full support to African countries in their efforts to reach the Millennium Development Goals.


China-UK Joint Statement – ANNEX

Proposals for developing bilateral co-operation agreed by the two countries’ Task Forces:

Trade & Investment

At the heart of multi-sectoral collaboration between China and the UK, we will develop bilateral programmes across five key sectors – Finance, Energy, Information and Communication Technology(ICT), Healthcare and Water. The sector programmes will be developed in collaboration with industry, with clear business outcomes. The Joint Economic and Trade Commission will be underpinned by annual meetings at Secretary of State level, alternating between the China and UK. These meetings will also cover trade and investment policy issues.

A UK National Trade and Investment Strategy for China. A new national trade and investment strategy for China will build on UK Trade and Industry’s (UKTI) existing work of support for business and prioritising sectors and business services across UK regions and China.

The two sides will encourage British enterprises to invest in China and Chinese enterprises to invest in the UK.

The two sides will promote interaction and co-operation between small and medium-sized enterprises of both countries.

Finance

The two sides look forward to the next round of China-UK Financial Dialogue Ministerial consultations in Beijing, at which both sides will be represented at Cabinet rank. The financial dialogue provides a framework for the two sides to continue to enhance and prioritise exchanges and cooperation in the financial field, in particular exchanges and consultations on macro-economic policy and industrial restructuring, public financial management, job-creation, competition and regulatory policy, and environmental management and protection. The two sides encourage participation by the British banking sector in the reform of the Chinese banking sector.

ICT

The two sides welcome proposals to stage an ICT week in China in September 2004.

Energy

The two sides place importance on their energy co-operation. Both are willing to exchange and co-operate through various means in fields such as energy policy, energy reform and development. We are both ready to share information and to promote joint activities in the fields of energy sector governance, energy efficiency and the use of renewable sources of energy. Both China and UK attach importance to sustainable, global energy security and to mitigating, and where possible reversing, the effects of climate change. The two sides note with pleasure the number of energy related commercial contracts signed during this visit.

Education

Hold an annual China/UK Education Summit. These will be held alternately in the UK and China, at Ministerial level.

The Chinese Ministry of Education and UK Department of Education and Skills agree to work together to create scholarship opportunities to support an exchange of high quality post-graduate students to carry out research at universities in China and the UK.

The UK to work in collaboration with the Chinese to increase understanding in the UK of modern China. The School Links programme has a helpful role to play.

Business-led projects to encourage links between industry and education. This would give engineers and others business experience and practical knowledge.

Science and Technology

A “British Science in China” campaign, to be launched in China in January 2005, will enhance Chinese knowledge of UK scientific research and policy.

Willing to set up a series of exchanges on best practice in the field of intellectual property. A strong intellectual property regime supports science and technology development. The UK wishes to share expertise to assist China’s development of an intellectual property regime, consistent with WTO and other requirements, whilst also learning about China’s priorities. The long-term benefits could include establishment of research partnerships in all areas of science and technology.

Establish a China-UK science and innovation park steering committee to guide and support the work of science and technology incubators. The two sides agree to co-operate in research, prevention and treatment of communicable diseases and epidemics, and to intensify information sharing and communication.

Environment and Sustainable Development

Establish a UK/China Working Group on climate change.

A well-focused programme of support to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs) in China.

Dialogue on Sustainable Development. As partners on the issue of development, China and the UK agree to share experience through a high level dialogue on sustainable development involving a wide range of non-governmental stakeholders.

Culture

Both sides are in favour of increasing cultural exchange and co-operation. They support the Chinese Culture Year held in the UK in 2004。

Both sides welcome recent progress towards concluding a Cultural Centres Agreement, and reaffirm their commitments to the successful signature of an Agreement at an early date.

　　　张生贵：实用新型专利无效宣告行政案件的法律分析

　　　【案情】公民王某研发了球形水箱的支架技术，2008年被授予实用新型专利，一家民营公司在生产经营此类支架，王某为些提出专利权主张，公司则向专利局申请宣告专利无效，专利复审委经口审后，认为本专利不具有创造性，随做出宣告无效的决定，王某不服，向法院提起行政之诉。
　　　【法理】专利无效宣告是否被撤销，需要通过司法审查，在司法审查程序当中，依据行政诉讼法规定，主要审查行政机关宣告无效的法律依据、事实理由、审查程序是否合法。
　　　【诉由】王某认为第XXX号无效宣告请求审查决定书，认定事实错误，专利复审委的审查员在判断实用新型专利的创造性时，存在脱离审查原则的行为，依据《行政诉讼法》第五十四条第（二）项规定，应予依法撤销行政决定。
　　　【争点】
　　　权利人认为行政决定存在的主要问题1）、违背的具体法律条款：《专利法》第二十二条 授予专利权的发明和实用新型，应当具备新颖性、创造性和实用性。“创造性”是指与现有技术相比，该“实用新型”具有实质性特点和进步；2）、2010年1月21日国家知识产权局令第55号公布的《专利审查指南》第六章　无效宣告程序中实用新型专利审查的若干规定 ４．实用新型专利创造性的审查 在实用新型专利创造性的审查中，应当考虑其技术方案中的所有技术特征，包括材料特征和方法特征。实用新型专利创造性审查的有关内容，包括创造性的概念、创造性的审查原则、审查基准以及不同类型发明的创造性判断等内容，参照本指南第二部分第四章的规定。实用新型的创造性，是指与现有技术相比，该实用新型具有实质性特点和进步。因此，实用新型专利创造性的标准应当低于发明专利创造性的标准。两者在创造性判断标准上的不同，主要体现在现有技术中是否存在“技术启示”。在判断现有技术中是否存在技术启示时，发明专利与实用新型专利存在区别，这种区别体现在下述两个方面。对于实用新型专利而言，一般着重于考虑该实用新型专利所属的技术领域。但是现有技术中给出明确的启示，例如现有技术中有明确的记载，促使本领域的技术人员到相近或者相关的技术领域寻找有关技术手段的，可以考虑其相近或者相关的技术领域。
基于上述法律及审查指南，复委会在无效宣告审查程序中出现的错误：专利复审委在考虑实用新型专利的创造性时，仅仅考虑专利技术解决方案本身，没有考虑本专利的目的和实际技术效果，将权利要求与专利目的和效果割裂开来，未作为一个整体看待，违背审查原则。专利审查指南规定，要克服简单地将对比文的技术特征结合起来轻率地否定一项专利的创造性，应当将专利的技术方案、目的和效果作为一个整体来看待。第XXX号无效宣告请求审查决定书的审查判断方法，正是放弃了对专利目的和技术效果的审查，简单对比，而没有充分地考查各自的目的和要达到的有益效果；专利复审委员会在认定专利技术与对比文献时，忽略了本专利与现有技术在水箱安装及连接方式、大小圆环、水箱入孔检修及水箱侧体装置爬梯的区别，没有考虑为本专利带来的优于或不同于已有技术的“安装操作方便、简单实用的技术效果和克服结构复杂的技术难题”。依据法律规定，复审评价时，应当评价技术方案是否具备创造性，而不是评价某一技术特征是否具备创造性。
　　　【标准】
　　　将“球形水箱的角钢支架”专利技术解决方案与“水塔底座”现有技术相比，对比文献“水塔底座”披露了“塔底”、“塔壁”、“框架”、“容置空间”、“顶托配件”、“抵撑片”、“锁固片”；“对比文献证据1”其中涉及的塔底、塔壁、框架、顶托连接带要素以及自下而上的组合式技术结构，明显不同于专利技术。
　　　对比文献没有披露水塔与底座的连接技术，对框架向下设角限定为三脚杆，对比文献1的设计目的和效果重要“底座”，专利技术的设计目的是角钢“支架”，这些均与要保护的专利是两种结构完全不同的装置。“球形水箱角钢支架”专利独立权利要求的特征部分：“支架”、“环体”、“焊接于环体边缘的多个垂直的支撑杆”、“连接于同一侧的支撑杆之间的上、下横杆及分别连接于环体与上、下横杆上的连接杆”；“水箱体的上端开设有检修入孔”、“水箱一侧的边缘上设置有方便用户安装、检修的爬梯”、“爬梯的一端连接于检修入孔附近的水箱体边缘，另一端置于箱体底端”；这是“球形水箱的角钢支架”专利的整体结构中各主要部件相互结合关系的最本质技术特征，正是这种各部件的紧密组合的关系，使实用新型专利具有实质性特点。
　　对比文献证据2《设计通讯》“支架式水塔计算方法的研究”披露的是“若干支柱组成”、“垂直地面或自顶部略向外倾斜”、“顶部与底部与环梁连接”、“顶部环梁和水箱环梁为一整体”。“对比文献2”虽然采用了“若干支柱”的网络组合式结构，这种装置并没有披露水箱安装及水箱入孔检修、爬梯技术，且主要强调的技术特征是“箱底环梁”与“支柱顶梁”为一个整体结构，没有披露水箱与支架的安装连接方法，也没有披露“环体、焊接于环体边缘的多个垂直的支撑杆、连接于同一侧的支撑杆之间的上、下横杆以及分别连接于环体与上、下横杆上的连接杆”。
　　对比文献《建筑力学》“桁架结构”的梁和刚架，属于“桥梁、吊车梁”技术领域，与水箱支架并非相同的技术领域，不具有可比性。对比文献1、2、3的组合与要保护的专利技术各构件装配之间的组合无直接关系。
　　球形水箱的角钢支架是一种“安装方便、结构简单以及实用的球形水箱的角钢支架”，其连接杆与支撑架装置，不仅结构简单，同时提高了装配速度，达到经济实用的效果，正是为了达到实用这一目的，球形水箱的角钢支架的技术解决方案采用了“水箱”、“安装于水箱体底部的支架”、“角钢支架”包括环体、焊接于环体边缘的多个垂直的支撑杆、连接于同一侧的支撑杆之间的上、下横杆以及分别连接于环体与上、下横杆上的连接杆。目的是便于安装组合，并设有爬梯将水箱体与角钢支架有效组合，大大方便了安装和检修，入孔在上的球形箱体、结构简单的支架与由底端到顶端的爬梯构成一个整体；角钢与球形水箱体的连接方式是焊接或镙铨固定，填补了球形水箱结构的整体技术空白。本专利作用是简单实用，达到制造组装方便，提高了效率，实现了目的。相比之下，“对比文献1”的解决的是“固定”建在高处、增加供水水压、避免倾斜移位的水塔问题；“对比文献2”解决的是支架弯转点及空间结构及稳定性问题；“对比文献3”解决的是桥梁、吊车梁的荷载及结构问题。
　　【要点】从对比文献的组合看，虽然含盖了部分权利要求中的先需部分的技术，但因其不具备本专利的区别技术特征，显然不具备本专利的技术效果。从上面的分析得出，“对比文献1”中的水塔底座与球形水箱的角钢支架所起的作用有实质性差别，球形水箱的角钢支架与已有技术截然不同，由于目的的不同，采用的技术方案有实质差别，其所达到的效果也不同，这种技术效果对所属领域的普通技术人员来说是意相不到的，因此，将球形水箱的角钢支架的技术解决方案同目的与技术效果三者结合起来，与现有技术对比，其实质性特点是明显的。
根据《专利法》第二十二条三款关于实用新型专利创造性的规定，结合专利审查指南（2010年版）第四章规定，专利复审委要判断专利是否具备创造性，不仅要考虑专利技术解决方案本身的创新程度，而且要考虑本专利目的和实际技术效果，将其作为一个整体看待，用专利审查指南确定的解决创造性的判断标准，要克服简单地将对比文的技术特征结合起来轻率地否定一项专利的创造性的作法，而是将专利的技术方案、目的和效果作为一个整体来看待。专利复审委员会在认定专利技术与对比文献时，忽略了本专利与现有技术在水箱安装及连接方式、大小圆环、水箱入孔检修及水箱侧体装置爬梯的区别，没有考虑为本专利带来的优于或不同于已有技术的“安装操作方便、简单实用的技术效果和克服结构复杂的技术难题。复审评价申请无效宣告时存在主观因素影响对专利创造性的偏低估计，在无效宣告审查程序比对时，应当针对权利要求限定的技术方案，比如对比文献证据1里限定为向下分设四脚杆，顶托配件的连接带设计等客观局限性问题。因此，要求保护的专利技术与现有技术相比，具有更好的技术效果、节约能源、减少能耗、提高效能，已有技术不足以否定和破坏本专利的创造性。
　　　专利技术对现有技术有着要素关系改变的技术特征，省去诸如已有技术里的顶托和连接带等一个或多个部件后，依然保持原有的全部功能，带来预料不到的技术效果，具有实质性特点和显著进步，要求保护的专利技术是对现有技术作出贡献的，体现在专利克服了技术偏见，在如何使得支撑球体水箱的技术领域里，一直存在着技术人员更多地考虑如何稳固和防止地震倾斜的技术趋向，通常认为支撑架部件越多越牢固，而舍弃往简单方便实用角度去考虑，阻碍了人们对本技术的研发，要求保护的正好克服了这些技术偏见，从而解决了技术问题，导致专利产生预料不到的技术效果。专利权人在申请专利时曾经检索已有技术，并未检到对比文献，不存在从文献当中得到启示的先决条件。本专利具备创造性，宣告无效的复审行政行为应予撤销。